Driving in Spain requires a valid license, knowledge of local road rules, and an understanding of regulations that may differ from other countries. Whether you are a resident or a visitor, complying with these requirements ensures a smooth driving experience.
License Requirements for Driving in Spain
For EU/EEA Citizens
Drivers from EU and EEA countries (European Economic Area) can use their national driving license in Spain. However, if staying for more than six months, registration with the traffic authorities (DGT – Dirección General de Tráfico) is required.
Key points for EU/EEA drivers:
- No need for an International Driving Permit (IDP).
- A medical examination may be required after two years of residence.
- Renewal follows Spanish regulations once the national license expires.
For Non-EU/EEA Citizens
Non-EU drivers can use their national license with an IDP for up to six months. After this period, a Spanish driving license is required. Some countries have agreements with Spain, allowing for an exchange without a test.
Steps for exchanging a foreign license:
- Submit an application at the DGT.
- Provide a residency certificate, passport, and valid driving license.
- Complete a medical check.
- Pay the applicable fee.
For countries without an exchange agreement, passing the Spanish driving exam is necessary.
Getting a Spanish Driving License
New drivers must complete both theoretical and practical exams. The process involves:
- Enrolling in an official driving school.
- Passing a written test on Spanish road rules.
- Completing practical lessons with an instructor.
- Taking the driving test at a designated DGT center.
Key Road Rules in Spain
Speed Limits
Speed regulations vary depending on the type of road:
- Urban areas: 30–50 km/h
- Secondary roads: 90 km/h
- Motorways (Autovías/Autopistas): 120 km/h
Exceeding these limits results in fines and potential license penalties. Speed cameras are in place on highways and major roads.
Traffic Signals and Right of Way
- Roundabouts operate on a yield-to-the-left system unless otherwise indicated.
- Zebra crossings give pedestrians absolute priority.
- Flashing amber lights require slowing down and yielding when necessary.
Alcohol and Drug Limits
Spain enforces strict DUI regulations:
- General drivers: 0.5 g/L blood alcohol limit (0.25 mg/L in breath).
- New drivers (less than two years) and commercial drivers: 0.3 g/L blood alcohol limit.
- Zero tolerance for drugs.
Police conduct random roadside checks, and violations carry heavy penalties.
Seatbelts and Child Safety
- Seatbelts are mandatory for all passengers.
- Children under 135 cm (4 ft 5 in) must use an approved child seat in the back.
- Rear-facing seats are not allowed in the front unless airbags are deactivated.
Mobile Phone Use
- Phones can only be used with hands-free systems.
- Holding a phone while driving leads to fines and license points deduction.
Emergency Equipment in Vehicles
All vehicles must carry:
- Two warning triangles (reflective vests are recommended).
- Spare wheel or puncture repair kit.
- Headlamp beam deflectors (for foreign-registered vehicles).
Failure to carry these items results in fines.
Toll Roads and Payment Methods
Spain has both free highways and toll roads (Autopistas de Peaje). Toll costs vary based on distance and vehicle type. Payment options include:
- Cash
- Credit/debit cards
- Electronic toll devices (VIA-T)
Certain toll roads have discounts for frequent users.
Parking Regulations
Parking rules depend on local city laws. Common restrictions include:
- Blue zones (Zona Azul): Paid parking with time limits.
- Green zones (Zona Verde): Reserved for residents in many areas.
- No-parking zones: Indicated by yellow lines.
Illegally parked vehicles can be fined or towed.
Driving in Major Cities vs. Rural Areas
Urban Driving
Traffic congestion, limited parking, and pedestrian zones make city driving challenging. Many cities have low-emission zones (ZBE), restricting older vehicles.
Rural and Mountain Roads
- Sharp turns and narrow roads require extra caution.
- Wildlife crossings are common in remote areas.
- Road conditions may vary, especially in winter.
Common Traffic Fines and Penalties
Spain operates a points-based system. New drivers start with 8 points, increasing to 12 after three years. Serious offenses can result in points deduction or loss of license.
Fine Categories:
- Mild infractions: Speeding slightly over the limit – €100 fine.
- Serious offenses: Running red lights, driving without a seatbelt – €200 fine.
- Very serious violations: DUI, reckless driving – up to €600 fine and license suspension.
Foreign drivers must pay fines on the spot or risk vehicle impoundment.
Driving Tips for Visitors and Expats
- Plan routes ahead, especially in cities with restricted traffic zones.
- Carry identification, as police may request it during routine stops.
- Be mindful of siesta hours, where some gas stations and services may close.
- Expect toll roads, particularly on major highways between cities.
Understanding the rules ensures a safer and more enjoyable driving experience in Spain.